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Orange walk
Orange walks are a series of parades held annually by members of the Orange Order on a regular basis during the summer in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and occasionally in :England, and throughout the Commonwealth. These typically build up to 12 July celebrations which mark Prince William of Orange's victory over King James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. Although the term 'march' or 'parade' is widely used in the media, the Order prefers terms such as 'walk' or 'demonstration'. Orange walks have faced opposition from Catholics, Irish Nationalists, Scottish Nationalists and those on the political left who see the parades as sectarian and triumphalist. Those who attend the procession, however, regard it as having a vital ceremonial significance.
==The 'marching season'==
The 'marching season' generally refers to the months April to August in Northern Ireland and includes marches by groups such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Apprentice Boys of Derry, and the Royal Black Institution as well as the Orange Order. The Orange Order however, is arguably the most active marching group. Typically each Orange Lodge will hold its own march at some point before 12 July, accompanied by at least one marching band. On 12 July each district will hold a larger parade consisting of all the lodges in that district, sometimes with the addition of lodges from outside Northern Ireland. This is particularly the case with the Belfast district, whose parade commonly features several Scottish lodges and often some from other countries. In most districts the location of the parade will vary from year to year, rotating around suitable towns. Belfast is an exception, keeping more or less the same route for many decades. The only major parade after the Twelfth is on the last Sunday in October, when lodges celebrate Reformation Day by parading to church.
Some walks commemorate historic events; most notably, 12 July marches remember the Battle of the Boyne. A number of marches all over Northern Ireland on and around 1 July originally commemorated the participation of the 36th (Ulster) Division in the Battle of the Somme. However since the beginning of the Troubles most of these parades have evolved into the 'mini Twelfth', and have little obvious connection with World War I. However there are still a few explicitly commemorative parades.〔Helen Robinson, 'Remembering War in the Midst of Conflict: First World War Commemorations in the Northern Irish Troubles', ''20th Century British History'', 21, 1 92010), pp86-7.〕 Reformation Day parades are held in honour of Martin Luther nailing his 95 theses to the church door in Wittenberg, thus starting the Reformation which brought about the Protestant churches.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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